[ANPPOM-Lista] Artigo de David M. Greenberg (Cambridge)

ms.eliana em usp.br ms.eliana em usp.br
Qua Ago 17 11:01:47 BRT 2016


Muito interessante o artigo Prof Marcos! 
É realmente difícil catalogar a música sobre qualquer aspecto... 
Mesmo levando em conta os estados de espírito que uma obra pode estimular, 
como sugere o autor, 
isto vai depender muito do contexto cultural e social de quem escuta e vivencia. 
Será que precisamos mesmo rotular tudo? 
Talvez uma menção ao local, ano e tipo de emissão/instrumentação que uma obra foi criada deixasse o ouvinte 
mais livre para escolher? 
Difícil tarefa a do programador! 

Abraço 
Eliana Monteiro da Silva 

----- Mensagem original -----

> De: mcamara em usp.br
> Para: "ANPPOM-L" <anppom-l em iar.unicamp.br>
> Enviadas: Segunda-feira, 15 de Agosto de 2016 10:19:37
> Assunto: [ANPPOM-Lista] Artigo de David M. Greenberg (Cambridge)

> ----- Mensagem original -----

> > De: mcamara em usp.br
> 
> > Para: "mcamara" <mcamara em usp.br>
> 
> > Enviadas: Segunda-feira, 15 de Agosto de 2016 10:10:14
> 
> > Assunto: uu
> 

> > <h1>Musical genres are out of date – but this new system explains
> > why
> > you might like both jazz and hip hop</h1>
> 

> > <span><a
> > href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-m-greenberg-204317">David
> > M. Greenberg</a>, <em><a
> > href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-cambridge">University
> > of Cambridge</a></em></span>
> 

> > <p>It’s hard to pinpoint the exact time in history when genre
> > labels
> > were used to classify music, but the fact is that over the past
> > century, and certainly still today, genre labels dominate. Whether
> > organising your iTunes library, receiving music recommendations
> > from
> > apps like Spotify, or buying CDs at a record store, genre is the
> > first way in which we navigate the music we like.</p>
> 

> > <p>However, technological advances have now put millions of songs
> > at
> > our fingertips through mobile devices. Not only do we have access
> > to
> > more music than ever before, but more music is being produced.
> > Places like <a href="https://soundcloud.com/">SoundCloud</a> have
> > made it possible for anyone to record and publish music for others
> > to hear. With this increased diversity in music that we are exposed
> > to, the lines separating genres have become even more blurred than
> > they were previously.</p>
> 

> > <p>Genre labels are problematic for several reasons. First, they
> > are
> > broad umbrella terms that are used to describe music that vary
> > greatly in their characteristics. If a person says they are a fan
> > of
> > “rock” music, there is no way of knowing whether they are referring
> > to The Beatles, Bob Dylan, or Jimi Hendrix — but all three vary
> > greatly in style. Or if a person tells you that they are a fan of
> > pop music, how do you know if they are referring to Michael Jackson
> > or Justin Bieber?</p>
> 

> > <figure class="align-center ">
> 
> > <img alt=""
> > src="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/133093/width754/image-20160804-496-ka2he8.jpg">
> 
> > <figcaption>
> 
> > <span class="caption">Where to start?</span>
> 
> > <span class="attribution"><span
> > class="source">Ollyy/Shutterstock.com</span></span>
> 
> > </figcaption>
> 
> > </figure>
> 

> > <p>Genre labels are also often socially driven with little to do
> > with
> > the actual characteristics of the music. They are labels stamped
> > onto artists and albums by record companies with the intent of
> > targeting a particularly type of audience or age group.</p>
> 

> > <h2>Beyond genre</h2>
> 

> > <p>The fundamental problem is that genre labels often do not
> > accurately describe artists and their music – they simply do not do
> > them justice. A more accurate way to label music would be based
> > solely on their actual musical characteristics (or attributes).
> > Such
> > a labelling system would also likely better account for diversity
> > in
> > a person’s music taste.</p>
> 

> > <p>Recently, my team of music psychologists addressed this problem
> > by
> > developing a scientific way to create a basic classification system
> > of music that is based on its attributes and not social
> > connotations. The team included expert in musical preferences,
> > Jason
> > Rentfrow (Cambridge), best-selling author and neuroscientist Daniel
> > Levitin (McGill), big data scientists David Stillwell (Cambridge)
> > and Michal Kosinski (Stanford), and music researcher Brian
> > Monteiro.
> > Our <a href="http://spp.sagepub.com/content/7/6/597">research</a>
> > was published this month.</p>
> 

> > <p>We had more than 100 musical excerpts spanning over 20 genres
> > and
> > subgenres rated on 38 different musical attributes. We then applied
> > a statistical procedure to categorise these musical attributes and
> > discovered that they clustered into three basic categories:
> > “Arousal” (the energy level of the music); “Valence” (the spectrum
> > from sad to happy emotions in the music); and “Depth” (the amount
> > of
> > sophistication and emotional depth in the music). The statistical
> > procedure mapped each song on each these three basic categories.
> > For
> > example, Joni Mitchell’s “<a
> > href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5782PQO5is">Blue</a>” is low
> > on arousal (because of the slow tempo and soft vocals), low on
> > valence (because of the expressed nostalgia and sadness), and high
> > on depth (because of the emotional and sonic complexity expressed
> > through the lyrics and sonic texture).</p>
> 

> > <figure class="align-center zoomable">
> 
> > <a
> > href="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/133076/area14mp/image-20160804-484-1kkihi5.jpg"><img
> > alt=""
> > src="https://62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/files/133076/width754/image-20160804-484-1kkihi5.jpg"></a>
> 
> > <figcaption>
> 
> > <span class="caption">The songs listed represent each of the three
> > musical attribute clusters.</span>
> 
> > <span class="attribution"><a class="source"
> > href="http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/can-your-personality-explain-your-itunes-playlist">Tricia
> > Seibold | Stanford Business |
> > http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/can-your-personality-explain-your-itunes-playlist</a></span>
> 
> > </figcaption>
> 
> > </figure>
> 

> > <h2>Arousal, valence, depth</h2>
> 

> > <p>Will people start walking around wearing T-shirts that say “I
> > love
> > Depth in music”, or list themselves as fans of positive valence on
> > their Twitter profiles? I doubt it. But it might be useful if
> > people
> > began to use attributes to describe the music that they like
> > (aggressive or soft; happy or nostalgic). People’s music libraries
> > today are incredibly diverse, typically containing music from a
> > variety of genres. My hypothesis is that if people like arousal in
> > one musical genre, they are likely to like it in another.</p>
> 

> > <p>Even though these basic three dimensions probably won’t become a
> > part of culture, recommendation platforms, like Spotify, Pandora,
> > Apple Music, and YouTube should find these dimensions useful when
> > coding and trying to accurately recommend music for their users to
> > listen to. Further, it is also useful for scientists,
> > psychologists,
> > and neuroscientists who are studying the effect of music and want
> > an
> > accurate method to measure it.</p>
> 

> > <p>Our team next sought to see how preferences for these three
> > dimensions were linked to the <a
> > href="https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/personality-16/trait-perspectives-on-personality-79/the-five-factor-model-311-12846/">Big
> > Five</a>. Personality traits (openness, conscientiousness,
> > extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism). Nearly 10,000 people
> > indicated their preferences for 50 musical excerpts and completed a
> > personality measure. People who scored high on “openness to
> > experience” preferred depth in music, while extroverted
> > excitement-seekers preferred high arousal in music. Those who were
> > relatively neurotic preferred negative emotions in music, while
> > those who were self-assured preferred positive emotions in
> > music.</p>
> 

> > <iframe src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/5zLwT/1/"
> > frameborder="0"
> > allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"
> > webkitallowfullscreen="webkitallowfullscreen"
> > mozallowfullscreen="mozallowfullscreen"
> > oallowfullscreen="oallowfullscreen"
> > msallowfullscreen="msallowfullscreen" width="100%"
> > height="471"></iframe>
> 

> > <p>So, just as the old Kern and Hammerstein song suggests, “The
> > Song
> > is You”. That is, the musical attributes that you like most reflect
> > your personality. It also provides scientific support for what Joni
> > Mitchell said in a 2013 <a
> > href="http://www.jonimitchell.com/library/view.cfm?id=2600">interview</a>
> > with CBC:</p>
> 

> > <blockquote><p>The trick is if you listen to that music and you see
> > me, you’re not getting anything out of it. If you listen to that
> > music and you see yourself, it will probably make you cry and
> > you’ll
> > learn something about yourself and now you’re getting something out
> > of it.</p></blockquote>
> 

> > <hr>
> 

> > <p><em>Find out how you score on the music and personality quizzes
> > at
> > <a
> > href="http://www.musicaluniverse.org">www.musicaluniverse.org</a>.</em></p>
> 

> > <p><span><a
> > href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-m-greenberg-204317">David
> > M. Greenberg</a>, Music psychologist, <em><a
> > href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-cambridge">University
> > of Cambridge</a></em></span></p>
> 

> > <p>This article was originally published on <a
> > href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a
> > href="https://theconversation.com/musical-genres-are-out-of-date-but-this-new-system-explains-why-you-might-like-both-jazz-and-hip-hop-63539">original
> > article</a>.</p>
> 

> > --
> 

> > Prof. Dr. Marcos Câmara de Castro
> 
> > Departamento de Música
> 
> > Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
> 
> > Universidade de São Paulo
> 

> > http://dgp.cnpq.br/dgp/espelhogrupo/4094693495303397
> 
> > http://portal.ffclrp.usp.br/sites/camaradecastro
> 
> > http://lattes.cnpq.br/8866596468646798
> 
> > https://scholar.google.com.br/citations?hl=pt-BR&user=GBa82HMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=pubdate
> 

> --

> Prof. Dr. Marcos Câmara de Castro
> Departamento de Música
> Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
> Universidade de São Paulo

> http://dgp.cnpq.br/dgp/espelhogrupo/4094693495303397
> http://portal.ffclrp.usp.br/sites/camaradecastro
> http://lattes.cnpq.br/8866596468646798
> https://scholar.google.com.br/citations?hl=pt-BR&user=GBa82HMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=pubdate

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